Ruby

Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, composed primarily of aluminum oxide with traces of chromium that impart its signature fiery red hue. Formed under intense heat and pressure within metamorphic and igneous rocks, ruby crystallizes deep within the Earth’s crust, where the presence of chromium transforms colorless corundum into vivid shades of crimson.

The most prized rubies exhibit a rich, saturated red with a hint of blue—referred to as "pigeon’s blood"—and possess exceptional transparency. Their brilliance is further enhanced by a natural phenomenon called fluorescence, where ultraviolet light energizes the chromium atoms, causing the gem to emit a vibrant glow. The stronger and more vivid the red, the more valuable the stone.

Ruby is a durable gem, second only to diamond in hardness, making it ideal for jewelry. While historically sourced from Myanmar (Burma), today it is also mined in Thailand, Mozambique, Madagascar, and other regions.